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1.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 38(8): 1597-1607, Aug. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-976469

ABSTRACT

Otitis externa is a common complaint in dogs. Bacteria and yeasts are commonly involved and may perpetuate inflammatory reactions inside the ear canal. Otoscopy, cytological examination of secretion and microbiological culture embody forms of diagnosis. Cytology also has great use in accessing treatment evolution. Therapy usually consists of cleaning ear canals and subsequent use of antibiotics or antifungal products. As some of them may cause hypersensitivity and even ototoxicity, searching for new pharmacological bases is currently necessary and justifies this study, which aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo efficacy of tea tree essential oil for bacterial and yeast ear infections in dogs. Twenty-eight dogs from a particular shelter in Cuiabá (Mato Grosso, Brazil), presenting clinical signs of otitis externa, were enrolled in this clinical trial. In all of them, clinical and cytological evaluations, as well as culture and susceptibility testing of the affected ears were carried out. From each dog, one ear was treated with 5% tea tree essential oil lotion and the other with standard otic formulation, according to the type of infection (bacterial, yeast or both). In vitro susceptibility testings of all ear cultures, to the same drugs used in treatment, were also carried out. Culture results showed 62.5% bacterial and fungal infection, 33.9% bacterial infection and 3.6% fungal infection, from the 56 ear samples collected. The most common microorganisms isolated were Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and Malassezia pachydermatis. Gram-positive bacteria were susceptible to gentamycin in 60.5% and resistant in 16.3% of the samples. Five percent tea tree essential oil formulation produced a 5mm clear zone of inhibition around the disks in one of the 63 samples evaluated. Pure (100%) tea tree essential oil formulation produced a 10mm clear zone of inhibition around the disks in four of the 63 samples evaluated, a 9mm zone in three samples, an 8mm zone in 16 samples, a 7mm zone in seven samples, a 6mm zone in two samples and there was no clear zone in 31 samples. Inhibition zones were produced by strains of Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus hyicus, Corynebacterium sp., Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter sp. tea tree essential oil ear solution significantly induced remission of clinical signs both in bacterial and yeast ear infections. It also reduced as much Malassezia pachydermatis ear infection as the nystatin solution used in this study, while gentamycin solution showed better antibacterial effect. More studies should be conducted to evaluate in vitro diffusion properties of tea tree essential oil. Good antimicrobial spectrum and the absence of adverse reactions confirm the importance of developing a tea tree formulation as an alternative therapy for ear infections in dogs.(AU)


Otite externa é queixa frequente em cães. Bactérias e leveduras estão comumente envolvidas e podem perpetuar as reações inflamatórias dentro do canal auditivo. Dentre as formas de diagnóstico, encontram-se a otoscopia, o exame citológico da secreção e a cultura microbiológica. Citologia também tem grande utilidade no acesso à evolução do tratamento. A terapia consiste de limpeza dos canais auditivos e posterior utilização de antibióticos ou produtos antifúngicos. Como alguns antimicrobianos utilizados no tratamento podem causar hipersensibilidade e até mesmo ototoxicidade, a busca por novas bases farmacológicas justifica a existência deste estudo, que teve como objetivo avaliar in vitro e in vivo a eficiência do óleo de Melaleuca alternifolia em otites bacterianas e fúngicas de cães. Vinte e oito cães, de um abrigo particular, apresentando sinais clínicos de otite externa, foram incluídos neste estudo clínico. Todos passaram por avaliação clínica, citologia e cultura de material das orelhas afetadas. De cada animal, uma orelha foi tratada com óleo de Melaleuca 5% e a outra com formulação ótica padrão, de acordo com a afecção (bacteriana, fúngica ou mista). As culturas também foram submetidas a testes de susceptibilidade in vitro aos mesmos agentes utilizados no tratamento in vivo. Os resultados da cultura mostraram 62,5% de infecção mista (bacteriana e fúngica), 33,9% de infecção bacteriana e 3,6%, de infecção fúngica a partir das 56 orelhas. Os micro-organismos mais isolados foram Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis e Malassezia pachydermatis. As bactérias GRAM-positivas foram sensíveis à gentamicina em 60,5% e resistentes em 16,3% das amostras. A formulação com 5% de óleo essencial de Melaleuca produziu uma zona de inibição de 5mm em torno dos discos em uma das 63 amostras avaliadas. A formulação pura (100%) do mesmo produto produziu uma zona de 10mm de inibição em quatro das 63 amostras analisadas, uma zona de 9 mm em três amostras, uma zona de 8mm em 16 amostras, uma zona de 7mm em sete amostras, uma zona de 6mm em duas amostras e não havia nenhuma zona clara em 31 amostras. Zonas de inibição foram produzidas por estirpes de Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus hyicus, Corynebacterium sp., Proteus mirabilis e Enterobacter sp. Clinicamente, a formulação com o óleo essencial de melaleuca induziu significativamente uma melhora nas manifestações, tanto nas otites bacterianas quanto nas causadas por leveduras, sendo estatisticamente semelhante ao tratamento com nistatina (nas otites por levedura), mas menos eficaz que a solução de gentamicina nas otites bacterianas. Mais estudos devem ser realizados para avaliar as propriedades de difusão in vitro do óleo essencial de melaleuca. O bom espectro antimicrobiano, a boa resposta clínica e a ausência de reações adversas confirmam a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de formulação ótica com o óleo essencial de melaleuca, como uma alternativa para a terapia de infecções do ouvido em cães.(AU)


Subject(s)
Otitis/microbiology , Oils, Volatile/chemical synthesis , Melaleuca/chemistry , Phytotherapy/statistics & numerical data
2.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 45(3): 1101-1103, July-Sept. 2014. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-727044

ABSTRACT

Ear infections in cats are uncommon, especially involving yeasts. This report describes the first isolation of the Stephanoascus ciferrii, teleomorph of the Candida genus, in a case of feline otitis in Brazil. The identification and characterization of Stephanoascus ciferrii were confirmed by the Vitek2 System (BioMerieux ®).


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Cat Diseases/microbiology , Mycoses/veterinary , Otitis/veterinary , Saccharomycetales/isolation & purification , Brazil , Microscopy , Mycological Typing Techniques , Mycoses/microbiology , Otitis/microbiology , Saccharomycetales/cytology , Saccharomycetales/growth & development , Saccharomycetales/metabolism
3.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 33(7): 909-913, jul. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-683233

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the oleoresin Copaifera reticulata Ducke against Staphylococcus coagulase positive (SCP) isolated from otitis externa in dogs. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the oleoresin were determined by broth microdilution method. In addition, we verified the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates of SCP by agar diffusion method. Eight classes of antimicrobial were used to calculate the multidrug resistance. The chemical composition of the oleoresin was performed by gas chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and β-caryophyllene, β-bisabolene, and (E)-α-bergamotene were the main compounds found. The copaiba oleoresin showed a MIC90 of 0.164mg/mL and a CBM90 of 1.3mg/mL. The multidrug resistance was found in 27% of the strains tested. The results suggest that copaiba oleoresin has bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity even in multidrug-resistant coagulase-positive strains.


O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar o potencial antimicrobiano do oleorresina de Copaifera reticulata Ducke em isolados de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (SCP) provenientes de casos de otite externa em cães. O método de microdiluição em caldo foi utilizado para determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) de oleorresina de copaíba. Em adição, foi determinado o perfil de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos dos isolados de SCP pelo método de difusão em ágar. Oito classes de antimicrobianos foram usadas para o cálculo de multirresistência antimicrobiana. A determinação da composição química do oleorresina de copaíba foi realizada por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC/MS), sendo que β-cariofileno, β-bisaboleno e (E)-α-bergamoteno foram os compostos majoritários. O oleorresina de copaíba demonstrou CIM90 de 0,164mg/mL e CBM90 de 1,31mg/mL. A multirresistência foi verificada em 27% das cepas testadas. Os resultados sugerem que o oleorresina de copaíba exerceu atividade bacteriostática e bactericida mesmo em cepas multirresistentes de Staphylococcus coagulase-positiva.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs/microbiology , Otitis/microbiology , Otitis/veterinary , Staphylococcus/immunology , Products with Antimicrobial Action
4.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 78(1): 68-74, jan.-fev. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-616939

ABSTRACT

Infecções de ouvido representam uma das doenças mais comuns do mundo. Diferentes agentes etiológicos são responsáveis por tais infecções. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano de extratos de folhas e da casca de Terminalia arjuna contra Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter sp., Proteus mirabilis, Escherchia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Candida albicans - patógenos que causam infecções de ouvido e como esses extratos se comparam às medicações tópicas atualmente disponíveis. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Metanol, etanol, acetona, extratos aquosos (quentes e frios) de folhas e casca da T. arjuna foram testados para avaliação de suas atividades antimicrobianas. RESULTADOS: Dos três solventes orgânicos avaliados, o extrato acetônico das folhas foi o que teve o melhor resultado contra S. aureus. O extrato orgânico da casca exibiu quase o mesmo grau de ação antimicrobiana entre todas as bactérias gram-negativas, exceto contra P. aeruginosa. Entretanto, o extrato aquoso da casca de T. arjuna exibiu boa atividade contra S. aureus. Nenhum dos extratos exibiu atividade antifúngica. CONCLUSÃO: O extrato orgânico obtido a partir da casca e folhas de T. arjuna pode ser usado para tratar infecções bacterianas de ouvido, especialmente aquelas causadas por S. aureus, que exibiu maiores zonas de inibição do que gotas herbáceas; entretanto, ainda necessitamos de estudos mais detalhados - como ensaios in vivo e avaliações de propriedades farmacocinéticas para avaliarmos sua utilidade terapêutica no tratamento de infecções de ouvido.


Ear infection is one of the common diseases occurring throughout the world. Different etiological agents are responsible for ear infections. AIM: To assess the antimicrobial potential of Terminalia arjuna leaves and bark extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter sp., Proteus mirabilis, Escherchia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, pathogens causing ear infections and their comparison with locally available ear drops. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Methanol, ethanol, acetone, aqueous (hot and cold) extracts from the leaves and bark of T. arjuna were tested for their antimicrobial activity. RESULTS: Of the three organic solvents evaluated, acetonic leaf extract was found to be best against S. aureus. Organic bark extract showed almost equal inhibition of all tested Gram negative bacteria except P. aeruginosa. However, aqueous extract of T. arjuna bark exhibited good activity against S. aureus. All the extracts were unable to exhibit any antifungal activity. CONCLUSION: Organic extract obtained from the T. arjuna bark and leaves may be used to treat the bacterial ear pathogens especially S. aureus, which has shown greater inhibition zones than the herbal drops, however, we still need more detailed studies as in vivo testing and pharmacokinetics properties for their therapeutic utility in treating ear infections.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Candida albicans/drug effects , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Terminalia/chemistry , Gram-Negative Bacteria/genetics , Gram-Positive Bacteria/genetics , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Sequence Data , Otitis/microbiology
5.
Medical Forum Monthly. 2001; 12 (9): 1-4
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-57623

ABSTRACT

This study had conducted in the ENT out patient department of Rajshahi medical college Hospital and Microbiology department of Rashahi Medical College during the period April 2001 to July 2001. Out of 48 cases, the prevalence of only bacteria, only fungus and both bacteria and fungus cases were 45.83%, 16.66% and 37.50%respectively. Maximum [25%] numbers of cases were from age group 2.5 to 3.5 years. Only bacteria cases were common in the younger age group [0.5 to 3.5year] and only fungal cases were common with increase of age [3.5 to 6.5 years]. There was no specific relationship of age with both bacteria and fungal cases. Among the fungal causes candida albicans was predominant followed by Aspergillus spp. and occasionally Rhizopus spp. The isolated bacteria were Esh.coli, Staph. aureus, strept. Pyogens, proteus and pseudomonas. Male was 28 [58.33%] and female was 20 [41.67%] and female was 20 [41.67%] and majority cases were from urban area


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Otitis/microbiology , Otitis/epidemiology , Child
9.
El-Minia Medical Bulletin. 1993; 4 (2): 348-359
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-28038

ABSTRACT

Otomycosis is a frustrating disease for patients and otologist. The current study showed a higher incidence among females. Out of 51 patients diagnosed clinically as otomycosis, 50 cases produced positive fungal isolates. Among 16 species of isolated fungi and yeast, Aspergillus was found to be the most common pathogen. By measuring zones of inhibition, we assessed the in vitro effectiveness of Canesten, Dermatin, Anaflex, Trosyd, gentian violet and ethanol 95 percent against the isolated fungi and yeast. The first four agents are available in the Egyptian market as local otic anti fungal preparations


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Mycoses/drug therapy , Antifungal Agents , Otitis/microbiology , In Vitro Techniques
10.
J Postgrad Med ; 1961 Oct; 7(): 154-7
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-117689
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